Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process

Utilization of local-based waste materials can be a challenge due to the resource’s limitations. This study investigated utilization rubber tree bark (RTB) as reductant for mill scale. RTB was blended with coal into five ratios, namely RTB#1–RTB#5. The blends were heated at 1000 °C under argon 1 h. char mixed scale produce carbon-mill composite pellet (CCP) 1.5 C/O molar ratio. reduction CCP carried out in tube furnace 1550 30 min flowing L/min. reduced Fe droplets separate clearly from residues. produced RTB#1–RTB#5 shows better metal 35.28–39.82 wt.%. degree metallization (DOM) ranges between 75.25–84.51%, which is two times higher than that coal. RTB#3 optimum condition highest DOM. CaO plays role forming an ash layer on surface and reacting Fe2O3 form new phase. our biomass, such scale, possible. consumption fossil fuel process could decreased by 30%, thus also production cost.